run /rʌn/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[ruhn] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation verb, ran, run, run·ning, noun, adjective
–verb (used without object)
- to go quickly by moving the legs more rapidly than at a walk and in such a manner that for an instant in each step all or both feet are off the ground.
- to move with haste; act quickly: Run upstairs and get the iodine.
- to depart quickly; take to flight; flee or escape: to run from danger.
- to have recourse for aid, support, comfort, etc.: He shouldn’t run to his parents with every little problem.
- to make a quick trip or informal visit for a short stay at a place: to run up to New York; I will run over to see you after dinner.
- to go around, rove, or ramble without restraint (often fol. by about): to run about in the park.
- to move, roll, or progress from momentum or from being hurled, kicked, or otherwise propelled: The wheel ran over the curb and into the street.
- Sports.
a. to take part in a race or contest.
b. to finish in a race or contest in a certain numerical position: The horse ran second. - to be or campaign as a candidate for election.
- to migrate, as fish: to run in huge shoals.
- to migrate upstream or inshore from deep water to spawn.
- to move under continuing power or force, as of the wind, a motor, etc.: The car ran along the highway.
- (of a ship, automobile, etc.) to be sailed or driven from a safe, proper, or given route: The ship ran aground.
- to ply between places, as a vessel or conveyance: This bus runs between New Haven and Hartford.
- to move, glide, turn, rotate, or pass easily, freely, or smoothly: A rope runs in a pulley.
- to creep, trail, or climb, as growing vines: The ivy ran up the side of the house.
- to come undone or to unravel, as stitches or a fabric: these stockings run easily.
- to flow, as a liquid: Let the water run before you drink it.
- to flow along, esp. strongly, as a stream or the sea: The rapids ran over the rocks.
- to empty or transfer contents: The river ran into the sea.
- to appear, occur, or exist within a certain limited range; include a specific range of variations (usually fol. by from): Your work runs from fair to bad.
- to melt and flow or drip: Wax ran down the burning candle.
- Golf. (of a golf ball) to bounce or roll along the ground just after landing from a stroke: The ball struck the green and ran seven feet past the hole.
- to spread on being applied to a surface, as a liquid: Fresh paint ran over the window molding onto the pane.
- to spread over a material when exposed to moisture: The dyes in this fabric are guaranteed not to run in washing.
- to undergo a spreading of colors: materials that run when washed.
- to flow forth as a discharge: Tears ran from her eyes.
- to discharge or give passage to a liquid or fluid: Her eyes ran with tears.
- to operate or function: How does your new watch run? Cars run on gasoline.
- to be in operation: the noise of a dishwasher running.
- to continue in operation: The furnace runs most of the day.
- to elapse; pass or go by, as time: Time is running out, and we must hurry.
- to pass into or meet with a certain state or condition: to run into debt; to run into trouble.
- to get or become: The well ran dry.
- to amount; total: The bill ran to $100.
- to be stated or worded in a certain manner: The minutes of the last meeting run as follows.
- Commerce.
a. to accumulate, follow, or become payable in due course, as interest on a debt: Your interest runs from January 1st to December 31st.
b. to make many withdrawals in rapid succession, as from a bank. - Law.
a. to have legal force or effect, as a writ.
b. to continue to operate.
c. to go along with: The easement runs with the land. - to proceed, continue, or go: The story runs for eight pages.
- to extend in a given direction: This road runs north to Litchfield.
- to extend for a certain length: The unpaved section runs for eight miles.
- to extend over a given surface: Shelves ran from floor to ceiling.
- to be printed, as on a printing press: Two thousand copies ran before the typo was caught.
- to appear in print or be published as a story, photograph, etc., in a newspaper, magazine, or the like: The account ran in all the papers. The political cartoon always runs on the editorial page.
- to be performed on a stage or be played continually, as a play: The play ran for two years.
- to occur or take place continuously, as a movie: The picture runs for two hours.
- to pass quickly: A thought ran through his mind. Her eyes ran over the room.
- to be disseminated, circulated, or spread rapidly: The news of his promotion ran all over town.
- to continue or return persistently; recur: The old tune ran through his mind all day.
- to have or tend to have or produce a specified character, quality, form, etc.: This novel runs to long descriptions. Her sister is fat too, but the family runs to being overweight.
- to be or continue to be of a certain or average size, number, etc.: Potatoes are running large this year.
- Nautical. to sail before the wind.
–verb (used with object) - to move or run along (a surface, way, path, etc.): Every morning he ran the dirt path around the reservoir to keep in condition. She ran her fingers over the keyboard.
- to traverse (a distance) in running: He ran the mile in just over four minutes.
- to perform, compete in, or accomplish by or as by running: to run a race; to run an errand.
- to go about freely on or in without supervision: permitting children to run the streets.
- to ride or cause to gallop: to run a horse across a field.
- to enter in a race: He ran his best filly in the Florida Derby.
- to bring into a certain state by running: He ran himself out of breath trying to keep pace.
- to trace, track, pursue or hunt, as game: to run deer on foot.
- to drive (an animal) or cause to go by pursuing: to run a fox to cover; to run the stallion into the barn.
- to leave, flee, or escape from: He ran town before the robbery was discovered.
- to cause to ply between places, as a vessel or conveyance: to run a ferry between New York and New Jersey.
- to convey or transport, as in a vessel or vehicle: I’ll run you home in my car.
- to cause to pass quickly: He ran his eyes over the letter. She ran a comb through her hair.
- to get past or through: to run a blockade.
- (of drivers or cyclists) to disregard (a red or amber traffic light) and continue ahead without stopping.
- to smuggle (contraband goods): to run guns across the border.
- to work, operate, or drive: Can you run a tractor?
- to publish, print, or make copies of, as on a printing press (sometimes fol. by off): Run off 3000 of these posters. The newspapers ran the story on page one.
- to process, refine, manufacture, or subject to an analysis or treatment: The doctor wanted to run a blood test. The factory ran 50,000 gallons of paint a day.
- to keep operating or going, as a machine: They ran the presses 24 hours a day.
- to keep (a motor) idling for an indefinite period: On cold days he would run the car motor to prevent stalling.
- to allow (a ship, automobile, etc.) to depart from a safe, proper, or given route, as by negligence or error: He ran the ship aground. She ran the car up on the curb.
- to sponsor, support, or nominate (a person) as a candidate for election.
- to manage or conduct: to run a business; to run one’s own life.
- Computers. to process (the instructions in a program) by computer.
- (in some games, as billiards) to continue or complete a series of successful strokes, shots, or the like.
- Cards. to lead a series (of one’s assured tricks or winners in a given suit): He ran the heart suit before leading spades.
- to expose oneself to or be exposed to (a chance, risk, etc.): Through his habitual lateness he ran the danger of being fired.
- to cause (a liquid) to flow: to run the water for a bath.
- to fill (a tub or bath) with water: She ran a hot tub for him.
- to give forth or flow with (a liquid); pour forth or discharge: The well ran 500 barrels of oil daily.
- to charge (an item or items) as on a charge account or to accumulate (bills) to be paid all at one time: He ran a large monthly tab at the club.
- to cause to move easily, freely, or smoothly: to run a rope in a pulley.
- Golf. to cause (a golf ball) to move forward along the ground after landing from a stroke: He ran his ball seven feet past the hole.
- to sew or use a running stitch: to run a seam.
- to cause stitches in (a garment or fabric) to unravel or come undone: to run a stocking on a protruding nail.
- to bring, lead, or force into a certain state or condition: He ran his troops into an ambush. They ran themselves into debt.
- to drive, force, or thrust: to run a nail into a board; to run one’s head against a wall; to run one’s hand into one’s pocket.
- to graze; pasture: They run sixty head of cattle on their ranch.
- to extend (something) in a particular direction or to a given point or place: to run a partition across a room; to run a telephone cable from Boston to Buffalo.
- Carpentry. to make (millwork) from boards.
- to cause to fuse and flow, as metal for casting in a mold.
- to draw, trace, or mark out, as a line: to run a line over a surface; to run a line through a word.
- to cost (an amount or approximate amount): This watch runs $30.
- to cost (a person) an amount or approximate amount: The car repair will run you a couple of hundred at least.
–noun - an act or instance, or a period of running: a five-minute run before breakfast.
- a hurrying to or from some point, as on an errand: a run to reach the store before it closes.
- a fleeing, esp. in great haste; flight: a run from the police who were hot on his trail.
- a running pace: The boys set out at a run.
- an act or instance or a period of moving rapidly, as in a boat or automobile: a run to shore before the storm.
- distance covered, as by racing, running, or during a trip: a three-mile run.
- an act or instance or a period of traveling or moving between two places; trip: a truck on its daily run from farm to market; a nonstop run from Louisville to Memphis.
- Computers. a single instance of carrying out the sequence of instructions in a program.
- Golf. the distance that a golf ball moves along the ground after landing from a stroke: He got a seven-foot run with his chip shot.
- a quick trip for a short stay at a place: to take a run up to New York.
- Military.
a. bomb run.
b. any portion of a military flight during which the aircraft flies directly toward the target in order to begin its attack: a strafing run. - Aeronautics.
a. the rapid movement, under its own power, of an aircraft on a runway, water, or another surface.
b. a routine flight from one place to another: the evening run from New York to London. - beat (def. 40b).
- an interval or period during which something, as a machine, operates or continues operating: They kept each press in the plant on a 14-hour run.
- the amount of anything produced in such a period: a daily run of 400,000 gallons of paint.
- pressrun.
- a line or place in knitted work where a series of stitches have slipped out or come undone: a run in a stocking.
- onward movement, development, progress, course, etc.: the run of our business from a small store to a large chain.
- the direction of something or of its component elements: the run of the grain of wood.
- the particular course, order, or tendency of something: the normal run of events.
- freedom to move around in, pass through, or use something: to allow one’s guests the run of the house.
- any rapid or easy course of progress: a run from trainee to supervisor.
- a continuous series of performances, as of a play: a long run on Broadway.
- an uninterrupted course of some state or condition; a spell: a run of good luck; a run of good weather.
- a continuous extent of something, as a vein of ore.
- an uninterrupted series or sequence of things, events, etc.: a run of 30 scoreless innings.
- a sequence of cards in a given suit: a heart run.
- Cribbage. a sequence of three or more cards in consecutive denominations without regard to suits.
- any extensive continued demand, sale, or the like: a run on umbrellas on a rainy day.
- a series of sudden and urgent demands for payment, as on a bank.
- a period of being in demand or favor with the public: Her last book had a briefer run than her first.
- a period during which liquid flows: They kept each oil well on an eight-hour run.
- the amount that flows during such a period: a run of 500 barrels a day.
- a small stream; brook; rivulet.
- a flow or rush, as of water: The snow melting on the mountains caused a run of water into the valley.
- a kind or class, as of goods: a superior run of blouses.
- the typical, ordinary, or average kind: The run of 19th-century novels tends to be of a sociological nature.
- an inclined course, as on a slope, designed or used for a specific purpose: a bobsled run; a run for training beginning skiers.
- a fairly large enclosure within which domestic animals may move about freely; runway: a chicken run.
- Australian. a large sheep ranch or area of grazing land.
- the beaten track or usual trail used by deer or other wild animals; runway.
- a trough or pipe for water or the like.
- the movement of a number of fish upstream or inshore from deep water.
- large numbers of fish in motion, esp. inshore from deep water or up a river for spawning: a run of salmon.
- a number of animals moving together.
- Music. a rapid succession of tones; roulade.
- Building Trades.
a. the horizontal distance between the face of a wall and the ridge of a roof.
b. the distance between the first and last risers of a flight of steps or staircase.
c. the horizontal distance between successive risers on a flight of steps or a staircase. - Baseball. the score unit made by safely running around all the bases and reaching home plate.
- a series of successful shots, strokes, or the like, in a game.
- Nautical. the immersed portion of a hull abaft the middle body (opposed to entrance).
- the runs, (used with a singular or plural verb) Informal. diarrhea.
–adjective - melted or liquefied: run butter.
- poured in a melted state; run into and cast in a mold: run bronze.
—Verb phrases - run across, to meet or find accidentally: She ran across an old friend at the party. He ran across her name in the phone book.
- run after,
a. to follow; chase: The dog ran after the burglar.
b. to pursue or court the affections of, esp. in an aggressive manner: He ran after her until she agreed to marry him.
c. to attempt to become friendly with or part of the society of: He runs after the country-club set. - run along, to leave; go on one’s way: I have to run along now, but I’ll see you tonight. Run along—can’t you see I’m busy?
- run around,
a. (often fol. by with) to socialize; consort with: She runs around with the strangest people.
b. to be unfaithful to one’s spouse or lover: It was common knowledge that he was running around. - run away,
a. to flee or escape; leave a place of confinement or control with the intention of never returning: He ran away from home three times.
b. Nautical. to haul on a line by walking or running steadily. - run away with,
a. to go away with, esp. to elope with: She ran away with a sailor.
b. to abscond with; steal: to run away with some valuable jewelry.
c. to surpass others in; be outstanding in: to run away with academic honors.
d. to overwhelm; get the better of: Sometimes his enthusiasm runs away with him. - run down,
a. to strike and fell or overturn, esp. to drive a vehicle into (someone): to run down an innocent pedestrian.
b. to pursue until captured; chase: The detective swore that he would run down the criminal.
c. to peruse; review: His eyes ran down the front row and stopped suddenly.
d. to cease operation; stop: My watch has run down.
e. to speak disparagingly of; criticize severely: The students were always running down their math teacher.
f. to search out; trace; find: to run down information.
g. Baseball. to tag out (a base runner) between bases.
h. Nautical. to collide with and sink (another vessel).
i. Nautical. to sail closely parallel to (a coast). - run in,
a. to visit casually: If I’m in the neighborhood, I may run in for a few minutes.
b. to include in a text, as something to be inserted.
c. Slang. to arrest; take to jail: They ran him in for burglary.
d. Printing. to add (matter) to text without indenting.
e. to break in (new machinery). - run into,
a. to crash into; collide with: She was so sleepy that she ran into a lamppost.
b. to meet accidentally: You never know whom you’ll run into at a big party.
c. to amount to; total: losses that ran into millions of dollars.
d. to succeed; follow: One year ran into the next, and still there was no change.
e. to experience; encounter: The project ran into difficulty. - run in with, Nautical. to sail close to (a coast, vessel, etc.).
- run off,
a. to leave quickly; depart.
b. to create or perform rapidly or easily: to run off a new song.
c. to determine the winner of (a contest, race, etc.) by a runoff.
d. to drive away; expel: to run someone off one’s property.
e. to print or otherwise duplicate: Please run off 500 copies. - run off with,
a. to abscond with (something); steal or borrow; take: He ran off with the money. Who ran off with the pencil sharpener?
b. to elope: I hear she ran off with the Smith boy. - run on,
a. to continue without interruption: The account that he gave ran on at some length.
b. Printing. to add (matter) to text without indenting.
c. to add something, as at the end of a text: to run on an adverb to a dictionary entry. - run out,
a. to terminate; expire: My subscription ran out last month. Time ran out before we could score another touchdown.
b. to become used up: His money soon ran out.
c. to drive out; expel: They want to run him out of the country. - run out of, to exhaust a quantity or supply of: She couldn’t bake a cake because she had run out of sugar.
- run out on, to withdraw one’s support from; abandon: No one could accuse him of running out on his friends.
- run over,
a. to hit and knock down, esp. with a vehicle: She cried inconsolably when her cat was run over by a car.
b. to go beyond; exceed: His speech ran over the time limit.
c. to repeat; review: We’ll run over that song again.
d. to overflow, as a vessel. - run through,
a. to pierce or stab, as with a sword: to run someone through.
b. to consume or use up recklessly; squander: to run through a fortune.
c. to practice, review, or rehearse quickly or informally: to run through a scene. - run up,
a. to sew rapidly: She ran up some curtains.
b. to amass; incur: running up huge debts.
c. to cause to increase; raise: to run up costs unnecessarily.
d. to build, esp. hurriedly: They are tearing down old tenement blocks and running up skyscrapers. - run with, Informal.
a. to proceed or go ahead with: If the stockholders like the idea, we’ll run with it.
b. to carry out with enthusiasm or speed.
—Idioms - a run for one’s money,
a. close or keen competition: The out-of-town team gave us a run for our money.
b. enjoyment or profit in return for one’s expense: This may not be the best tool kit, but it will give you a run for your money. - in the long run, in the course of long experience; in the end: Retribution will come, in the long run.
- in the short run, as an immediate or temporary outcome: Recession may be averted in the short run if policy changes are made now.