1995 and older vehicles in all non NYMA markets in in New york state are only subject to a visual emissions inspection, meaning, all equipped emissions devices, such as cats, evap, pcv, air injection, egr, have to be present, and connected, but do not have to be operable. your car can throw as many codes as it wants, and have a MIL on, and blow black smoke, and it doesn’t matter.
if your car is 96 and newer, not only do all the emissions devices need to be intact, but need to be working, as per the computers emissions monitors. any failed monitors will fail the inspection, and any more than 2 monitors not completed will fail inspection.
No inspections in upstate NY (or anywhere not NYMA) use Dynamometer tests or sniffer tests to check for exhaust gas emissions.
The only place that uses Dyno, or sniffer tests are in the New York Metropolitan area.