now if there is friction it is a whole other story and calculations beyond what my brain can calculate. But in that case I would say that the plane would not take off and fly.
I’ll use the office chair example… if there is friction and the wheels can move at any possible speed without exploding or breaking, you put the chair on the conveyor belt then turn it on, the chair will move in the direction of the conveyor belt and fall off, you need something to hold/push it in place, friction/gravity/weight play a factor. Now hold the chair in place and turn on the conveyor, you need to use force to keep it in place because of friction so now if you push forward and the conveyor matches the speed of the wheels, you need even more pushing force just to keep it in place because of the friction. To me, if friction is a factor then the ammount of thrust from the planes engine would have to be greater then the ammount of force/drag created by friction for the plane to move forward and I see it as standing still in the same spot with the thrust at full blast.
To me the answer can go both ways depending if there is friction or not.
I go relax my stressed brain now…
Planes make 80-100 thousand-ish pounds of thrust. Friction isn’t gonna stop it, even if you’ve got the wheels locked with 4 corner Z brakes with hawk pads and hoosiers on the wheels.