PART#3
HANDY RULE OF THUMB
Once you have a baseline, you should probably use a rule of thumb that each additional 6 HP will give you another mph. That’s for a 3200 lb car that runs 88 mph. If you want the real formula for different weights or speeds, here it is:
HP for another mph above “X” speed: = Wt * (((X+1)^3-X^3) / (228.4^3))
For instance a 89 mph quarter vs. an 88 mph quarter for a 3200 lb car:
HP delta = 3200 * ((89^3-88^3) / 228.4^3))
HP delta = 6.3 HP
Once you’re going 110 in the quarter, it would take an additional 10 HP to go 111 mph in the 3200 lb car.
60 FOOT TIME
This is the standard measurement tool to evaluate your launch. It’s the time that it took you to travel the first 60 feet of the track. Naturally, patterns emerge again after looking at lots of runs and of course these correlate best to time, not mph. Typically, most everyone’s 60’ time will be between 14% and 16% of their quarter mile time. If it’s under 13% or over 17%, this was not your best pass.
1/8 MILE VS. 1/4 MILE
After monitoring tons of good passes, patterns emerge. Typically, the mph at the quarter is around 1.26 times of the mph at the eighth, and the time at the quarter is around 1.55 times the time at the eighth. You can use these values if you only have a 1/8 mile track and get a real good idea of the theoretical 1/4 mile.
IS MY ET TO SPEED RATIO REASONABLE?
One fact of the quarter mile is; no matter how slow or fast your car is, the mph multiplied by the ET will pretty much be the same number every time. Before the NHRA changed the way that speed is measured in 1989, the product of speed and time was around 1400. Let’s calculate some easy examples of this. A 14.00 et usually resulted in a trap speed very near 100 mph. A 10.00 et meant around 140 mph. A 200 mph pass usually takes around 7.00 seconds. These are still good rules of thumb to remember, but now the product is more like 1380 for us - The example from Car and Driver above comes out at 1350. (The reason for this shift is explained below). Remember, most everyone focuses on ET so much that they’ll even optimize a car for slower mph if it gets them a better ET. (Rear end gearing is one way to do this). Those guys tend to have a product closer to 1300.
RESPECT MORE SPEED - A LOT. EVEN 3 MPH.
If you look at the formula again, you’ll note how trap speed shows up as the cube root of power to weight. That’s critical to understanding how fast one car is over another. Let’s say your car does a 90 mph quarter and the guy who raced you in the other lane ran 71 mph. After the race, he wanders over to you to say the ‘race was close’. Your reply: “I could have towed you and still smote you”. (This might not be the best way to make friends, but yes, it is TRUE if the cars weigh the same.)
Do the math. (90/71) cubed is 2.04. Yes, the 90 mph car has 2.04 times the power to weight of the slower car. It has 2.04 times the acceleration of the slower car. It’s just that the track is a fixed length, and in accelerating to higher speeds, you use up the track quicker. You accelerated to 90 in about 20% less time than he had to accelerate to 71, right?
Bottom line; Down where most of us run, a 3 mph difference between two cars is NOT a race. It was a clear win. There’s a full 10% difference between these cars.
SOME MAGAZINES SHOW THE CONSTANT AS 230.5 OR 234.0. WHERE DID YOU GET 228.4?
Some people try to correct to different things. Like Gross HP instead of Net. But most commonly, these other constants that you’ll see in magazines were originally published before 1989 when the NHRA changed their lights, and the ‘new’ journalist doesn’t realize the formula should change accordingly. Here’s what I mean; previous to 1989, there were three timing lights at the end of the track; one AT the end of the quarter mile, and one 66 feet before, and one 66 feet after. The middle light was used to calculate the et of the run, and the time to travel the 132 feet at the end of the track was used to calculate the trap speed. This gave the average speed at the end of the track, but you can see what this lead to. Most of the racers stayed on the gas for an additional 66 feet past the quarter to get a consistent speed to evaluate their setup. The track’s ‘shut down area’ of course is a fixed length, but the pro racers were starting to hit 300 mph plus by the end. In an attempt to get these guys off the gas 66 feet earlier and ‘make’ the cars appear slower, the NHRA stopped using the last light around August of 1989. Today, the trap speed is calculated between the light at the quarter mile and the one 66 feet before. So any timeslip after 1989 is really giving the average speed 33 feet from the finish, which is pretty close to one percent slower than before. The old constant of 230.5 became 228.4 to compensate.
CORRECTING FOR ALTITUDE
If we were dealing with non-turbo cars, this would be easy and we’d publish a formula. But with pressurized cars, the correction factor for altitude depends on the boost you run.
For instance, Sea Level air pressure is 14.7 psi. If you go to a track in Boise, Idaho (2850 feet above sea level) the air pressure is now around 13.25 psi. That’s 90.1% of sea level pressure. If the temperature doesn’t change and you have an normally aspirated car, your power output will now be 90.1% of what it used to be, so I’d tell you to correct by multiplying your calculated HP by an extra 10.9% (1/.901, or 1.109).
However, (and this is the beauty of turbo cars!!) Let’s say you were running 10 psi of boost in the first place. So at sea level, your car was really getting 24.7 psi (14.7 + 10). Now you leave the wastegate at 10 psi and race at Boise. Your manifold pressure is now 23.25 psi (13.25 + 10). Note that YOUR power isn’t down as much… it’s down to 94.1% of what it is at sea level. So you should correct with an extra 6.2% (1/.941, or 1.062).
If you wish to calculate your own correction factor, here is a handy table of elevation (feet above sea level) vs. standard day atmospheric pressure (psi):
0 14.70
500 14.43
1000 14.18
1500 13.92
2000 13.67
2500 13.42
3000 13.17
3500 12.92
4000 12.69
4500 12.45
5000 12.23
5500 12.00
6000 11.78
6500 11.56
7000 11.34
7500 11.13
8000 10.91
8500 10.71
9000 10.51
9500 10.30
10000 10.11
Yes, the detail oriented will notice that I’m ignoring lots of small effects of higher pressure ratios in the compressor, lower density air across the intercooler and even the fact that there’s less wind drag at higher altitudes, and they’re right. However, the overall concepts above still hold true.
There’s lots of discussion of 300, 400, even 450 HP on the Tubrobricks list. It would be great to see these power levels turn out to be true. Just keep in mind that an honest 300 Net HP in a 3200 lb Volvo (includes driver) will go just under 104 mph in the quarter. 400 HP would push it 114 mph, and 450 HP should propel the car to a trap speed of nearly 119 mph at Sea Level!
In terms of the ZO6, that makes for 19% less power at 5500’ ASL (typical denver, there’s a reason it’s called the mile high city), so instead of 405 hp, they’re making closer to 328 bhp.
If anyone else argues the point of how turbo cars are less affected by elevation than N/A cars without reading the exhausting long quote above, you are not only lazy… but an idiot as well