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To buy online from a dealer, no matter their location (Budsgunshop.com is the cheapest I’m aware of), you simply buy it like you would anything else. Throughout the checkout process, it’ll have you select a local dealer (FFL-Federal Firearms License) that they will ship it to. This needs to be done because the local dealer will be doing your background check before you can leave their shop with the gun. Fees vary by dealer. Big dealers that have storefronts will charge easily $50 for the transfer. A guy running out of his house will do it for $15-25. That’s the route I go, as I’ve developed a good rapport with a couple guys in the area who sell out of their house. It’d be best to call the local dealer ahead of time to let them know you got a gun coming in, and your name, and the make/model of the gun.
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To buy online from a private person (not a dealer) who is located out of state, it’s pretty much the same as above.
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To buy online from a private person (not a dealer) who is located in New York State, they can ship directly to your house, no dealer needed.
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To buy in person from a private person (not a dealer) who is located out of state is against the law (felony), as per BATFE.
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To buy in person from a private person (not a dealer) who is located in New York State is fine.
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To buy in person from a dealer who is located in New York State is fine.
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To buy in person from a dealer who is located in a state that shares a border with New York State is fine. Most dealers won’t do it unless they’re very familiar with NYS law.
Hope that answers everything.